- Decided by lot
- Most votes in previous round
- Predetermined tie-breaking order and include in configuration or algorithm.
The Anatomy of Political Hatred: What 135 Studies Reveal About Our Toxic Divisions
Political disagreement is normal. It is a core feature of a functioning democratic society. Animosity is different. The transformation of policy debate into personal contempt defines modern politics. This shift from issue disagreement to personal dislike harms social trust, personal relationships, and democratic norms.